Other artists don't have so much imagery in their self portraits, but they are more about experimenting with style and what they can do to make their portraits distinct.
To visually depict your sense of self, you don't even really need to draw yourself; the self portrait could be just a visual representation of different facets of your personality or what's important to you. They need not be your own face, it could be anything so long as it is some sort of representation of the artist.
If I were to make a self portrait, it would depend on my emotional state what it looked like, but generally I like to use very quick, jagged lines, scribbles and not much blank space. I try to fill up areas and make them a bit purposefully busy a lot of the time. I also generally prefer monochrome, or black and white with one or two other bright, clashing colors used in small quantities. I like to represent the fact that my mind is kind of always in a lot of different places at once with the business of some of my art (also, maybe I'll draw a cat with me because I like them. There isn't much of a deeper meaning to that one, I just have a lot of cats).